In this edition
- Salty water can be used to solve the water deficiency problem in the Arab world by using tolerant economic crops like Quinoa, Millet or animal feed crops like Saltbushes. We need to use Saline agriculture based on science, particular irrigation systems like drip irrigation and good agricultural practice. The challenges farmers faced using Saline agriculture are low productivity compared to traditional agriculture and pumping water costs.
- Planting of fig trees spreads in Jordan, Arabic countries, and European countries, which are located on the Mediterranean Sea. Figs can be infested with several pests; the fig wax scale is the most important one. It is a scale insect with a constant damaging female covered with a white waxy layer. It has a dorsum lateral, eight waxy plates and a circular ninth one. The eggs in the spring are laid beneath the female and hatched to nymphs when converting to females and larvae in the case of males; both are called crawlers. The female adults and nymphs occur on succulent new growth, mid-veins of leaves and fruits, and suck the plant sap weakening the tree, producing heavy honeydew, which encourages the black sooty mould to grow and then causing the fruits to become disgusting and non-marketable ones. It has 2 – 7 generations in Jordan. For its control, cut the infested branches and spray in the dormant stage in winter with winter oil and insecticide, up to the swelling of buds. After the appearance of leaves, spray can be with systemic or semi-systemic insecticides only.
- Daily newspapers, periodicals, and scientific magazines often used the term “agricultural waste”. They expressed it as a major crisis that could not be managed. Unfortunately, if this was done, governments did not deal with this problem perfectly until now, especially in the period of harvesting crops and the resulting much of the waste, which is poorly handled, causes many manifestations of mismanagement and disorganization in rural areas. Scientific efforts have combined to develop the necessary capabilities to benefit from these wastes through several methods, including:
Re-used and shredded in traditional ways and used as fodder for animals and livestock, silage production. Or bury it for compost production. The focus of our discussion in this scientific article will be on the process of producing biofuel “Biogas” “through agricultural waste, whether plant or animal. - 70% of the plant Viral Diseases are transmitted by Hemiptera, 50% of which are mainly by Aphids and White Fly. These viruses can manipulate and control some of Host/Vector Defense Mechanisms at the Molecular
Pathways levels to facilitate this process. This transmission can be analyzed based on the insect Infection
Persistence, virus’s Localization within insect’s body and the Latent Period into Non-persistent, Semipersistent, Persistent. Understanding how viral diseases are transmitted by vectors and identifying their
determinants could lead to the development of novel Management Strategies and tracking the root of infection sources - Constructing and planting small gardens Design for small gardens is more important than extensive gardens. If the small garden is well designed, you will only notice its beauty. Use of high-quality materials to show the luxury of the place. Lighting is a significant factor in gardens in general and small gardens in particular, so it is recommended to use lighting made of metal materials. Should be planted next to the walkway and choose plants with light flower colors and Thin-leaved also medium-sized trees.
- Gradual-release urea (GRU) is a source of coated non-protein nitrogen (NPN) for providing degradable protein in dairy and beef cattle. GRU is encapsulated by several layers of palm fat in order to supply a precision release for urea in the rumen over 8-12 hours. Therefore, GRU provides an efficient utilization of urea that would either safely substitute soybean meal up to 30% or increase dietary protein level in feed mills. Eventually, promotes ruminal health, enhance microbial protein, increase milk yield and milk protein in a more economical approach.